Low power design has become a cornerstone of modern integrated circuit development, driven by energy efficiency demands and the challenges of scaling in nanometre technologies. Innovations in ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

As author R. Jacob “Jake” Baker points out in the preface to this comprehensive volume, CMOS technology has dominated the fabrication of ICs for 25 years, and is likely to dominate it for another 25 ...