Living cells make decisions based on information processing genetic programmes. Many of these programmes execute digital functions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The capability to build synthetic digital systems in ...

Cells of all organisms process numerous signals originating from the internal biological processes or from the environment to produce the appropriate cellular response. Designed gene regulatory ...

Logic testers are simple but very helpful devices in testing digital circuits. A logic probe can be designed in many different ways. In this particular design, a combination of discrete and TTL logic ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...