Integral transforms play a foundational role in applied mathematics, statistics, and theoretical physics, serving as powerful ...

Abstract: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) offer a flexible framework for solving differential equations using physical constraints and data. This study focuses on second-order ...

Abstract: Many problems in science and engineering can be mathematically modeled using partial differential equations (PDEs), which are essential for fields like computational fluid dynamics (CFD), ...

A differential equation is an equality constraining a mathematical function in relation to its derivatives over one or multiple variables. Such equations may constitute the mathematical model for a ...

You can use apostrophes to show that you have omitted (left out) some letters when you are joining words together. For example, you can join the words ‘you’ and ‘are’ together. You + are = you're. The ...